No. 41. DECEMBER, 1922. VOL. XII.

FIAT LUX.

NOTICES.

The next number of The Pharos will appear about 26th March. Contributions must be submitted to the Editor not later than 28th February.

We acknowledge with thanks Ruym (Chatham House, Ramsgate), The Limit (Loughborough College), Folkestone County School for Girls' Magazine, The Harveian, Beckenham County School for Girls' Magazine, Mayfield Magazine (Gravesend County School for Girls).

Copies of the current issue of The Pharos or of back numbers which are in stock may be obtained from the Editor, price 9d.

The Editor would be glad to have the names and addresses of Old Pharosians and others who would like to receive copies.

The Pharos is now issued free to all members of the Old Boys' Association.

HEAD MASTER'S NOTES.

I should like to place on record the School's appreciation of all that was done to make the Prize Giving so great a success. Miss Rookwood, Mr. Watt and Mr. Taylor must indeed have been proud of the boys who responded so well to the efforts made to secure a first-class musical and dramatic programme, and Capt. Rowe, Secretary of the Parents' Association, equally well pleased with the manner in which the seating accommodation for so large an audience was arranged. Of course we were all delighted with Sir Arthur Lawley's address, and the presence of the Member for the Division and Lady Violet Astor. My chief concern is to point out that this great festival was made so notably successful by the combined efforts of many individuals co-operating for a common purpose.

I am glad to say that Mr. Evans' serious operation was completely successful. We have missed him very much this term from the Manual Instruction Department, and the School will be glad to know that there is every probability of his returning to duty in January next. His enforced absence gave us the gladly embraced opportunity of welcoming for a term Mr. C. E. Baldwin, the first of the Old Boys to join this Staff. We are grateful to him for the excellent work he has done, and we congratulate him upon being appointed as Chemistry Master at Gainsborough Grammar School—an appointment of great responsibility, which we do not doubt he will fill to the satisfaction of all concerned.

The difficulty of finding suitable employment for boys who leave School is still serious, but at the moment we have only one boy unplaced. The list of candidates waiting for appointment to English Banks is a very long one, and the Home Civil Service Clerical Class (Boys) is practically closed for the present. Special arrangements for the recruitment of ex-Service men to this branch make it impossible to foresee when an examination for boys will be required. Local developments in the coal industry may provide openings in the New Year, but in all cases a first-class leaving certificate will put candidates in a more favourable position. It may not be generally understood that such a certificate—e.g., the Joint Board Certificate or Oxford Local (Certificate A)—is issued only to successful candidates who have attended three years' continuous teaching at a school approved by the Board of Education. I cannot urge, therefore, either too strongly or too frequently the necessity for boys to secure a certificate of this kind. The struggle for existence seems to be giving the screw of efficiency another turn. A few years ago a "Pass" certificate was sufficient, without reference to the school attended, but nowadays an "Honours" certificate or a "Matriculation Exemption" is expected from boys who go into the ordinary clerical work. For those who aim at something better, the London Inter. or the Joint Board Higher Certificate is becoming desirable, and may soon he necessary.

The new rules for the admission of pupils to Secondary Schools will come into operation on 1st August, 1923. The standard in order to gain admission will, as nearly as possible, be uniform for both the fee payers and free place pupils, and the education of boys up to the age of 8 or 10 is therefore of the utmost possible importance. Both educational and financial considerations render it desirable to secure that the work of Secondary Schools should not be embarrassed, or public funds wasted, by the admission or retention of pupils who do not show good promise of profiting by the education provided. With such a policy faithfully carried out, the general level of Secondary Education may be raised, and the boys who leave us may be of more value to employers, and therefore in greater demand.

The Board of Education, moreover, desire the main admission of new pupils to take place at the beginning of the School Year (i.e., September). Admission at other times than the beginning of the School Year is not prohibited, but such new pupils must not unduly disturb the work of the Form in which they are placed. As we begin our French, Maths., and Science, at about the age of 11, it will be increasingly difficult to admit older boys.

Parents may also be interested to know that the Board of Education does not consider it justified that younger pupils should pay a lower fee than the older pupils, unless the ordinary school fee is specially high. The actual wording of the regulation is, "The rate of tuition fee as a rule must be uniform, and must not increase with the age of the pupil."

A further paragraph of the Board's Regulations deals with the length of school life, and supports what has been our practice for some two or three years, in requiring of each pupil an undertaking or formal assurance that the boy will remain at the School up to at least the age of 16, though permission to withdraw will not be unreasonably withheld.

The School will be interested to know that as the term doses Mr. Hugh Leney is entertaining the Staff of our sister school, and our own Staff and their wives, to dinner at the Grand Hotel, Dover—a further mark of his great concern for the well-being of the School and its members. On behalf of his guests I wish to express sincere thanks.

F.W. 7th December, 1922.

EDITORIAL.

AT LAST! These words were probably in the minds, if not on the lips, of many of us, when we saw the field, known to us during the War as Longhill Camp, adorned with goal posts, marked out with the familiar white lines, and dotted with boys eager to begin the football season with the advantage, hitherto denied us, of playing on our own field.

The new conditions react, to some extent, on The Pharos, as, owing to the expense involved in carrying out an increased fixture list of games, we are obliged to limit the size at this term's Magazine. Thus, rather more material than usual is "held over from lack of space."

As we write, the present or anticipated delights of Joint Board, Terminals, Christmas Holidays and School Parties seem to fill the mental outlook and bring us by way of conclusion to the old wish, a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to all.

GLEAMS AND FLASHES.

On Wednesday, 18th October, the Chairman of the Governors was "At Home" to the Parents. A large gathering assembled in the School Hall, and Canon Elnor's generous hospitality was greatly appreciated. A musical programme excellently rendered by Mrs. Clout's Orchestra added much to the pleasure of those present. The "At Home" was followed by the Annual Meeting of the Parents' Association.

The Magazine Committee now consists of the Editor with Miss Rookwood, Phillips, Gormley, Denton, Motley, S. Newing, Dunn and Guy. They will be glad to receive, at any time, contributions or workable suggestions for improving The Pharos.

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The Charity Fund collections for this term amounted in all to £17 3s. 10½d.

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This total includes the results of two special efforts. Mr. Delmage gave an interesting Shakespearean Lecture and Recital at which a collection of £3 12s. 5½d. was taken in aid of the National Institute for the Blind, and the sale of Flanders Poppies on Remembrance Day realised £2 10s.

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We have received a letter from R. A. Hicks, who has started work at Lambton Mills, near Toronto. An article on his trip to Canada was received too late for publication. We hope to print it next term.

EXAMINATION SUCCESSES.

London Inter. Arts Examination (Hons. English and French).

L. R. Phillips (Hons. 1st Class English, 3rd Class French).
H. H. Tomlin (Hons. 1st Class English, 2nd Class French).

London Matriculation Examination (June, 1922).

Oxford Senior Local Examination (July, 1922).

Swimming Certificates and Medallions of Royal Life-Saving Society.

Old Boys' Examination Successes.

N. S. Godfrey & J. A. Hampden. Final B.A. Exam., Honours School of English  Language and Literature, Oxford University.
C. E. Baldwin, Final B.A. Exam., Honours School of Science (Chemistry), Oxford University.
L. Beaufoy & S. Igglesden, Final Examination A. R. I. B. A.
S. E. Goodchild, B.Sc., Sheffield University.
H. E. Cooke, B.A., Lond., Hons. English.
J. J. De Coster, B.Sc., Lond.

PARENTS' ASSOCIATION.

The principal events of the year, the Annual General Meeting of the Association and the Annual School Prize Giving, are now records of the past. They were both splendid successes, and have created an annual precedent which must make it the aim of the parents to ensure that this year's maximum effort shall be the minimum in the years to come. The present year's membership of the Association is so far very encouraging, and the Executive Committee are grateful to the Head Master for the reference to the Association's work in the Annual Report of the School, which was read at the Prize Giving.

The Hon. Secretary has copies of the Association's Annual Report for 1921-22, which he will be pleased to forward to parents who would like to have a copy for reference. The Association extend their congratulations to the recipients of their prizes at the Annual Prize Giving.

On 8th November a Whist Drive was held, there being 120 present, and a most enjoyable evening was spent.

The Executive Committee take this opportunity of wishing parents of boys at the School hearty greetings for Christmas and a prosperous New Year. To the boys, the Executive Committee trusts they will, in forming their resolutions for the New Year, strive for the furtherance of their own personal achievements, the advancement of their fellow scholars, and the maintaining of the honour and traditions of their School.

G.R.R.

OLD BOYS' NOTES.

Alec. Lamidey was, until he left Dover, the life and soul of the Association, and while he acted as Secretary he did everything possible to further its interests. All who knew him will agree that at his death we lost a very real friend.

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Our activities during the summer were not as great as one would wish, but once again I plead "lack of support." Recently I received a letter from a member saying that want of enthusiasm in affairs of the Association was not to be wondered at, as he for one had never been notified of any proposed events. On enquiry I found that I had no record of his address. Should there be any other members with a similar grievance will they please let me know their present address and I will endeavour to keep them informed of anything of interest. It must be remembered that apathy on the part of the members makes the task of the Secretary more difficult, and that it is easy to criticise.

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The Annual Dinner was held at the Café Royal on the 27th of July. I believe a very enjoyable evening was spent.

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A London Branch of the Association is now in being. This was inaugurated at a Dinner held on November nth at the Buckingham Hotel, Strand. Mr. L. Beaufoy was elected Chairman. Among those present were the Rev. J. J. Jackson and Mr. T. B. Wheeler, former members of the Staff. It is hoped to make this Dinner an annual function. Any old boy living in or near London wishing to become a member of the Branch is requested to communicate with the Secretary, Mr. C. G. Blackford, 101, Grove Lane, Denmark Hill, S.E.5.

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Forthcoming Association fixtures are:—
Wednesday, 27th December—Reunion at the Town Hall.
Saturday, 10th February—Fancy Dress Dance.
Tuesday, 3rd April—Dance.

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We congratulate S. E. Steele on his appointment as Head Master of Harbledown School.

V.C.S.

PRIZE DAY.

The Annual Prize Distribution (postponed for three weeks owing to the General Election) took place in the Town Hall, on Friday, 24th November, when a crowded and appreciative audience filled the building. Canon Elnor, Chairman of the Governors, took the chair, and the Hon. Sir Arthur Lawley, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., K.C.M.G., formerly Governor of Madras, did us the honour of distributing the prizes. It was also a great pleasure to have amongst us the recently-elected Member for the Dover Division, Major the Hon. J. J. Astor, and Lady Violet Astor.

The Chairman, in his opening remarks, expressed the greatest satisfaction that the School Playing Fields were now in order and were being made full use of, both by the girls and the boys of the two local County Schools. With a view to giving the audience a full account of the School record during the past year he then called on the Head Master to read his Annual Report.

The Head Master extended a most hearty welcome to our distinguished visitors, and also tendered very hearty congratulations to Major Astor on his election as Member for the Division. Both gentlemen, he said, would be able to speak in a different atmosphere from that which they last encountered on the same platform. Mr. Whitehouse then proceeded to tell of the many activities and successes of the School during the past year. The various successes in Public Examinations spoke for themselves; especially so when it was borne in mind that Dover County School was now competing with the great Public Schools and was quite able to hold its own. In particular he mentioned the successes of the two present pupils who had taken two out of three places with First Class Honours in English at London University Intermediate Arts Examination, together with a Second and a Third Class Honours in French. The doings of the Old Boys, the Cadet Corps and various other School activities were next passed under review; and in concluding his remarks the Head Master mentioned that the Committee of the newly organised School Benevolent Fund had raised over £50 during the year, and this had been disbursed among local and national charities.

Sir Arthur Lawley then distributed the Prizes and Certificates. A list of prize-winners is appended.

Major Astor, who was greeted with prolonged applause, in moving a vote of thanks to Sir Arthur, made a short speech to the boys. As a politician he reminded them that "politics" meant something more than mere party programmes; its highest meaning was "good citizenship," and he impressed upon the younger generation that it was their duty to carry on the torch of service and not let public spirit be quenched by self-interest.

Mr. Leney, who rose to second the motion, pointed out the folly of stinting a system of Education which had as its aim the teaching of citizenship and the training of character.

Greeted with loud applause on rising to reply, Sir Arthur Lawley thanked the audience for their generous reception given to a stranger. After congratulating the boys and staff on their achievements he delivered a stirring address, exhorting the boys to carry through life their lesson of comradeship, or good fellowship, a quality which helped to bind the Empire and also inspired such noble work as the defence of Flanders and the exploits of the Dover Patrol. At all times, and especially in the crises of Imperial affairs, we needed comradeship "to win through"; and it was by such sacrifices as that involved that we had won victory and peace, and only by this means could we hope to solve the difficulties that lay before us.

This part of the programme concluded with a vote of thanks to the Head Master and Staff, proposed by Mr. Tomlin and seconded by Mr. Donald, to which Mr. Whitehouse briefly replied.

The entertainment which followed was much enjoyed by all. Boys from the Junior School gave scenes from Dickens' "Christmas Carol," which were well presented. Of the choral items, given under the direction of Mr. Taylor, mention must be made of the fine quartette rendering of "The Lord is my Shepherd." Then Puff entertained us with his "Tragedy Rehearsed" (adapted from Sheridan's "Critic"), which provoked great laughter. In a piece which was so well done it would be almost invidious to select names, but the acting of Denton (as Tilburina) and Romney (in a dual role), was certainly highly appreciated by the audience.
W.U.

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PRIZE LIST
Parents' Association Prizes.
JUNIOR GOOD FELLOWSHIP PRIZE.
J. W. Sharp

MERIT CARD PRIZES.
H. J. Gray (Senior School)

H. B. Garland (Senior School)

J. V. Horn (Junior School)

GEOGRAPHY PRIZE.
L. R. Phillips

ART PRIZE.
H. A. Harley

SPECIAL PRIZES
MAYOR'S GOOD FELLOWSHIP PRIZE.
H. H. Tomlin

THE CLATWORTHY SENIOR LATIN PRIZE.
H. H. Tomlin

THE CLATWORTHY JUNIOR LATIN PRIZE.
S. T. Newing

THE TUNNELL SENIOR HISTORY PRIZE.
S. J. White

THE TUNNELL JUNIOR HISTORY PRIZE.
A. H. Leader

STAFF PRIZE.
L. R. Phillips

EARL WINTERTON'S MATHEMATICS PRIZE.
H. C. B. Denton

HEAD MASTER'S PRIZE.
W. E. Motley

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FORM PRIZES

Form VI. Arts. H. H. Tomlin, L. R. Phillips C. H. Gormley.

Form VI. Science. G. L. Quinlan, C. A. Scarlett, H. C. B. Denton, A. R. Carpenter.

Form Lower VI. E. Goldfinch.

Form Va. E. G. A. Haynes, R. T. Dixon, D. T. Jones.

Form Vb. D. Wren.

Form IVa. H. J. Gray, S. T. Newing, F. J. Ott.

Form IVb. F. J. Dellbridge, R. E. Green, V. C. Sutton.

Form IIIb. L. I. Hadlow, F. D. Terdrey

Form IIIc. J. A. Way.

Form IIa. C. G. Jarrett, D. J. Donald, T. F. Fry.

Form IIb. D. P. Sparham, E. L. Trist.

Form IIc. W. W. P. Beach.

Junior School—
Form Ia. J. V. Horn, H. A. Stanway, S. J. Mummery.

Form Ib. S. Dilnot, R. C. Overs

Form Transition. L. Turnill.

Form Upper Preparatory. D. A. Dewer, S. W. Dowsey.

Form Lower Preparatory. I. C. Hover, W. E. Johnson.

Presentation Cups.
TUNNELL MEMORIAL SPORTS CUP.
H. H. Tomlin

CADET CORPS SECTION CUP.
Section H.-Sergeant Tomlin

CADET CORPS SHOOTING CUP.
R. A. Pelham

CRICKET.

D.C.S. v. D.C.S. OLD Boys.

Played at Crabble on 26th July, resulting in a draw in favour of the Old Boys. Scores:—

SCHOOL FOOTBALL.

(Photo)

This, our first season on our own ground, has so far proved remarkably successful. We won our first two matches fairly comfortably. The third game, the first School match on our new ground, was against Kent College; we won, though the half-time score was 3—1 against us. With practice the team gradually combined better, as was seen in the match with Ramsgate County School, which provided a hard and interesting game. The high score at Canterbury was due to the excellent passing game played by the team, and to the manner in which each man kept his position, for, by this time, constant practice and frequent lectures from Mr. Allin had made their impression. We gained a convincing victory in the return with Ramsgate, in which a fast game was seen, although here too we showed our usual slowness in settling down. In our return match at Wye the College fielded a rather stronger eleven, and we won a hard game. Our winning career was checked by the Duke of York's Students, who fielded a strong eleven, but not one to which we should have lost (although we were below strength). The team seemed unable to get together, and the play was much below standard. We unfortunately conceded a penalty goal, which decided the match, and although pressing strongly in the second half we could only score twice. Our return with Simon Langton did not show the team to great advantage, although we won, and combination was at times sadly lacking.

The leading 1st XI. goal-scorers are:—Cole, 20; Strugnell, 13; Rigden, 9; Harley, 8.

The 2nd XI. has been more successful than was at first anticipated, and with more combination will prove really good. Several changes have been tried in the forward line, and it is not fixed yet.

The attendance at School matches has been fairly good, but it can and should be very much greater.

C.H.G.

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Results of Matches.

1st XI.

30th Sept. at Guston:—D.C.S. 6, Duke of York's Students 1.

4th Oct. at Folkestone:—D.C.S. 7, Harvey Grammar School 3.
7th Oct. at Dover:—D.C.S. 9, Kent College 3.
11th Oct. at Dover:—D.C.S. 5, Ramsgate County School 3.
25th Oct. at Canterbury:—D.C.S. 12, Simon Langton School 0.
8th Nov. at Dover:—D.C.S. 4, Wye College 1.
15th Nov. at Ramsgate:—D.C.S. 5, Ramsgate County School 0.
22nd Nov. at Wye:—D.C.S. 3, Wye College 2.
25th Nov. at Dover:—D.C.S. 2, Duke of York's Students 3.
29th Nov. at Dover:—D.C.S. 6, Simon Langton School 1.

2nd XI.

25th Oct. at Dover:—D.C.S. 9, Simon Langton School 0.
28th Oct. at Ramsgate:—D.C.S. 1, Ramsgate County School 7.
4th Nov. at Dover:—D.C.S. 5, St. Martin's School 2.
15th Nov. at Dover:—D.C.S. 3, Ramsgate County School 2.
25th Nov. at Guston:—D.C.S. 2, Duke of York's Boys 1.
29th Nov. at Canterbury:—D.C.S. 0, Simon Langton School 1.

House Matches.

18th Oct.:—1st XI.'s—Country 8, Maxton 3. Town 7, Buckland 3.
2nd XI.'s—Country 7, Maxton 1. Town 3, Buckland 1.

6th Dec.:—1st XI.'s—Country 11, Town 2.

2nd XI.'s—Buckland 8, Maxton 0.

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School Teams.

1st XI.:—Lamidey; Gormley, Pay, pri.; Motley, sec., Motley, pri., Stokes; Denton, Rigden, Cole, Harley, Strugnell.
Reserves—Nowers, Thacker, McNama.
2nd XI.:—Glogg; Webb, McNama; Parsons, Nowers, Tomlin (capt.); Jell, pri., Pudney, Lewis, au, Brown.
Reserves—Grilli, Pay, sec., Davis, Frow.

SWIMMING NOTES.

There has been a decided falling off in the attendances at the Baths this term, partly due to the Dramatic Society rehearsals on the same day as swimming practice. Although the weather is cold, this need not prevent boys from coming, as the water in the Baths is always heated.

There has been no Polo owing to the small attendances.

All entrants for the Life Saving Society's Bronze Medallion passed the tests and were presented with the medallions and certificates at the Prize Giving.

C.F.L.

HOUSE NOTES.
Country House.

Since School football has now attained its proper place, there is but little House activity to report. Up to the present each XI. has played one match, and in each case we were successful. That is a very good start, and if the rest that follows is as good, there will not be much fear but that the House Shield will retain its present ribbon. The body of House matches will be played next term. Need I remind the teams to keep up their form by practice? Next term, also, the Inter-County School Sports will take place, and I would like to see a good number of "Greens" amongst the competitors.

R.H.T.

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Town House.

The first results of our many practices have been victories over the Dark Blues! Play up, Light Blues, we want some more. We hope that no boys will endanger our chances by putting their own, or form interests, before those of the House. The holidays will provide good opportunities for practising for next term's matches; take them!

We have been unfortunate in losing Jarvis, the junior Captain, this term. His place has been given to D. J. McConnell, to whom we wish all success.

R.L.S.

L.R.P.

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Buckland House.

Owing to the demands of School football there have been so far but two House matches. We lost the Senior game by 7 goals to 3 and the junior by 3 goals to 1, to the Town House.

The play of the 1st XI. was very scrappy, little or no combination being shown. The 2nd XI. had as much of the play as their opponents, but were very feeble in front of goal.

The 1st XI. has not yet settled down after the heavy loss of members last term, and there are still places to fill in both elevens. Any members of the House who think they are worthy of a trial should hand in their names to me.

In addition to those mentioned in last terms notes, Robey did not return to School this term, and has left a place in both cricket and football teams.

C.H.G.

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Maxton House.

So far we have only had one House match this term owing to the number of School matches. This match, against the "Greens," showed that the team wants practice badly. The backs kicked well, but the half-backs gave the forwards no support at all. The forwards were very slow both in obtaining the ball and in passing it. Stokes scored a good goal from a long shot. Jones was most unfortunate, but we were glad to see him back at School so soon after his accident. Next term I hope that the team will play more together and that each will put his best into the game.

The 2nd XI. also want more practice together, so that the defence will give more support to their forwards. The forwards would score more often if they shot at the goal at every opportunity.

We are glad to hear our late Vice-Captain is doing well at King's College, London.

W.M.

SPORTS ACCOUNT.

29th November, 1922.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY.

The Session commenced in promising style with an interesting paper by Day, on "Amateur Photography," and a paper by Phillips on the "Age of Shakespeare."

A debate upon the motion, "That Science is a more important element in the life of a nation than Art," moved by Denton and seconded by Strugnell, was held at the next meeting. Gormley and Thacker opposed the motion. When each speaker had given his views the question was left open for general discussion. It is to be regretted that a very small number took part in open debate. Boys should realize that any remark, however short, gives the speaker a little experience, and certainly helps in the success of the meetings. The motion, which was put to the vote after Denton had summed up, was carried by a large majority.

The most successful of the Society's activities was the organisation of a mock election at which Mr. Darby kindly acted as Returning Officer. The following were the nominations:—Denton (Ind.), Gormley (Cons.), Pay (Co-Lib.), Strugnell (Bolshevik), Thacker (Lab.). A week was spent in vigorous propaganda, and many lively meetings were held at which the policies of the candidates were stated. The franchise was extended to Form III., and the whole School was soon in a political ferment. On 10th November a final speech was delivered by each candidate. Gormley emphasised his aims of lessened taxation, withdrawal in the Near East, and his support for the League of Nations. Denton offered emigration as his remedy for unemployment, and also pledged himself to support the League of Nations. Strugnell promised free samples of his famous "Anticosh" to all "Bolshevik" voters. His policy consisted mainly in the abolition of Homework and in improving the underwear of the natives of Timbuctoo. Thacker criticised his opponents and defended the National Levy and Nationalisation. Pay laid bare the delusions of "Bolshevism," made plain the futility of "independence," and closed his speech with a defence of the British Near-Eastern Policy.

Ten minutes were allowed for general questioning. The Ballot was then taken, followed by a counting of votes, while all candidates and voters were excluded from the Hall. After a few minutes of tense excitement, the poll was declared as follows:—Denton, 63; Pay, 54; Strugnell, 43; Gormley, 15: Thacker, 11.

The new M.P. was then chaired by the defeated candidates and loudly cheered by all. The meeting closed with a vote of thanks to the Returning Officer.

On December 1st, two excellent papers were given. Kirton dealt in a most interesting manner with the Development of Animal Life in Prehistoric Times, and E. C. Pay gave a vivid account of his journey to and from Australia.

Thus the work of the Society has so far been highly successful, and it is hoped that, in order to maintain the value of its work, many boys will offer their services in whatever direction may be most helpful.

L.R.P.

1st CADET COY. C.P. (F.) R.E.

Owing to the social activities of the School and the increased time which fortunately can now be devoted to sports it has been difficult to find time for parades this term, so that our greatest interest has been the preparation for the forthcoming shooting competition. An efficient range has been constructed and many rounds of ammunition have been fired. We have been drawn to fire against the Cadets of Sandwich Grammar School, and it is hoped that we shall send in some good targets. Although the wireless enthusiasts have been concentrating on examination work this term, a few found time to "listen in" to the speech of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, and were pleased to receive later a "Souvenir of an Historic Event" from the Marconi Company, recording the fact of our reception. The report of the G.O.C. on the work of last year is appended:—

INSPECTING OFFICER'S REPORT.

The Unit was put through the following exercises in my presence and I append my remarks:—

Elementary Company Drill.
Map Reading.
Swedish Drill.
Signalling.

The Drill was well carried out. Cadet N.C.O.'s gave good words of command.

Considerable care and attention have been given to Swedish Drill, which was well performed.

Map Reading has been carried even to elementary plane table work.

The Signalling and reading of messages, flag, lamp and buzzer are of a high standard. The instruction is very good in these subjects; much ingenuity had been exercised in creating instruments.

GENERAL REMARKS BY INSPECTING OFFICER.

The Cadets are clean and smart, but the Unit obviously has difficulty in obtaining sufficient uniform.

The boys displayed zeal and a good standard of efficiency. The training is principally directed to the development of signalling.

I consider that the Unit is organised and administered so as to impart elementary military instruction in an efficient manner, and I certify that, so far as my inspection enables me to ascertain, the Rules, Regulations and Orders governing the Unit have been adhered to.

I recommend that the County Association should continue to grant official recognition to this unit.

(Signed) J. W. S. SEWELL, Colonel,

Inspecting Officer,

Representing General Officer Commanding in Chief, Eastern Command.

1st CADET COY. C.P. (F.) R.E. BALANCE SHEET.

Note.—Details of the Camp Account will be placed on the Cadet Notice Board.

VALETE.

R. L. STRUGNELL.—Capt. Town H.; School 1st XI. C. and F. (Cols.); Prefect; Mile Cup, 1921, Inter C. Sports, 1922; Member Sports Com.

R. C. DAY.—Buckland H. 1st XI. F.; Member Sports Com.

F. W. GREENSTREET.—Maxton H. 1st XI. F. and C.

C. C. LONSDALE.—Town H. 1st XI. F. and C. Sergt., Cadet Corps.

F. A. LUCK.—Cadet.

J. ROE.—Art Prize, 1921.

D. G. HAMPSHIRE.—Buckland H. 1st XI. F.

A. R. JARVIS.—Town H. Junior Capt. 2nd XI. F.

H. A. P. CLEMENTS.—Buckland H. 2nd XI. F.; Inter C. Sports, 1922.

D. JARVIS.

B. A. TUCKER.

S. E. W. CLIFFORD.

MERIT LIST.

Form V (ex.).—Roberts (2), Haines (2), Lewis, Motley, Smith.
Form Va.—Gray (2), Newing (2).
Form IVa.—Green (2), Leader (2).
Form IVb.—Hampshire.
Form IVc.—Phillips (2), Way (2), Grilli (2), Pinkney (2). Haigh, Kelly.
Form IIIa.—Donald (2), Jarrett (2), Goodburn (2), Morris (2), Shenton (2), Parsons.
Form IIIb.—Sparham (2), Turner (2), Trist.
Form IIa.—Horn (2), Relf, Stanway, Dilnot.
Form IIb.—Harling (2), Baxter (2), Nurse (2).
Form IIc.—Woodham, Elliot.

Junior School.

Form I.—Belsey (2), Buckley (2), Castle (2), Holland (2), Kennett. (2), Brooker.
Trans.—Peters (2), Dunn (2), Hickie (2), Dewar (2), Dowsey (2), Rowe, Crofts, Binks, Brown, Farr, Moseling, Pott, Waterman.
Up. Prep.—Newman (2), Thompson, Terry.
L. Prep.—C. Foad (2), Pudney.

THE CADET CORPS CAMP, 1922.

Although a most pleasant and enjoyable fortnight has hitherto been spent in the neighbourhood of Northbourne, it was felt by the Officers and Cadets that a change of site for this year's summer training would be advantageous. Accordingly it was decided, after some deliberation, that Hythe would be the most suitable locality.

We were seemingly fortunate in securing the Corporation Ground, adjoining the sea front, on which to pitch the camp; moreover, the picturesque Canal bordering the field on the north lent an added charm to what appeared to be an ideal spot, where bathing and boating could be indulged in under favourable conditions.

Although Hythe has its attractions, it also has, as far as we are concerned, some very real disadvantages. The story of that first night under canvas has been told and re-told in a manner much more vivid than pen can portray. We were besieged, hemmed in, invaded—all these and many more—by a diminutive army; Gulliver was not in it, but we were! They either disapproved of our coming, and signified their disapproval by appearing in massed formation, or, like the Lilliputians, their curiosity led to reconnoitring in force. At all events their presence, coupled with their pertinacious pugnacity, was not appreciated—we preferred "companions" of a little higher social standing.

Daybreak found squads of dishevelled cadets busily massacring the common foe by the score—it was St. Brice's Day over again—but one individual was more effective with two feet and a pair of "ammunitions" than the rest of the company armed with two mallets apiece. Interspersed among the slaughterers were other woeful individuals (their mothers would have wept to see them) busily extracting the miscreants from their hair, shirts, boots, and divers other obscure places. It was truly a pitiful sight; in fact, by substituting "earwig" for "rat" in Browning's immortal poem, you do not get an adequate conception of what life was like for the first few days in "Earwig Camp." We needed a Pied Piper; no substitute would do. The beastly things enjoyed listening to a violin, while they pricked up their ears in a most awe-inspiring manner when the "Cookhouse" was sounded, but they would not follow either instrument over the canal. Every remedy was applied in a desperate effort to exterminate the foe, and round the tents, inside the tents, on top of the tents—everywhere could be seen sprinkled anything from Keatings' to Borwick's Baking Powder. But nothing would induce them to betake themselves elsewhere.

We deeply deplored Lieut. Pearce's enforced absence this year, but we are grateful to Messrs. Langley and Constable for their kindness in rendering valuable assistance to the Captain. We are also indebted to Lieut. Pascall for the time he spent with us to make us efficient for the inspection.

A very important feature of this year's camp was the shooting. We obtained permission to use the miniature range at the Hythe School of Musketry, where, under ideal conditions the competitions were held.

Night ops. this year were at a discount but, although only one evening was spent in this exciting diversion, the maximum of enjoyment was extracted from it, each half-company taking turns at defence and attack. The great distance to any open ground from the camp prevented this work being repeated.

Early morning bathing parades were much appreciated; trips on the canal were popular, whilst a few good cricket matches on the local ground attracted several members of the Corps.

The wireless arrangements were a success. With the aid of two substantial masts, an imposing aerial was erected, the whole affair receiving well-merited commendation from visitors and from the inspecting officers.

Walks into the town were frequent when the Cadets were off duty, whilst on Sunday, Church Parades were held at St. Leonard's Church, which has numerous historical associations.

For about three hours each morning the company paraded for squad and company drill, under the sergeants and captain respectively. This was followed in the afternoon by signalling and map-reading. Under these two heads are included work with the buzzers, field telephone, wireless and "flag-wagging" (both Morse and semaphore), besides practical work with the prismatic compass and plane-table, the last-mentioned phase not having been introduced into the Corps' work hitherto.

A week's hard work brought the company to a fair standard of proficiency in readiness for the inspecting officer, the C.R.E. Dover.

On the appointed day at an early hour everyone was astir; buttons and boots received due consideration, the tents were carefully cleared out and kits arranged systematically. There is no need for one to enlarge on the course of the inspection; suffice it to say that Colonel Sewell submitted every phase of the company's work to his perusal and bore testimony to the satisfactory standard reached in every department in the gratifying report which appears elsewhere.

It would be very unjust to let this occasion pass without paying due respect to the untiring energies of the S.M. Some of us can recall the days when he gave up every Saturday afternoon for months to teach us knots and lashings, besides derrick work, etc., but on inspection day he is invariably missing. His modesty should not be an excuse for our passing by the great debt of gratitude that we owe him.

The main object of camp each year is to make ourselves proficient in all branches of R.E. work in which it is our good fortune to be able to take an active part. Many boys forget this, and imagine it is merely a holiday. We are not on a par with the Scouts, the report of our inspection determining our Government grant for the ensuing year, a concession which the Scout movement does not enjoy.

The Corps has passed through difficult times since the War, but there is every reason to be optimistic at present. The membership compares very favourably with the numbers on the roll in 1915, when the company was first organised, but whereas in those early days we turned out on parade week after week to march about the College Ground shouldering wooden rifles, many of which were of the now decadent "shoot round corners" variety, the present Corps is equipped in a manner undreamed of in those times.

Let us therefore take the opportunity of rallying round the O.C. now and not besiege him in July in order to partake of the benefits for which others have striven.

A. CAMPER.

A VISIT TO RHEIMS.

Being at Ludes, a small champagne-producing village, near Rheims, I thought that a visit to that famous city would be very interesting. Accordingly I got permission to go into the city on one of my friend's lorries, which carried barrels of wine to Rheims each Saturday. As the driver of the lorry had a lot of work to do in the vicinity of the Cathedral, he left the lorry standing where I should get a good view. Then, using a large barrel for a table, and a smaller one for a seat, I commenced to make the sketch of which a copy is here reproduced. This sketch took all the time at my disposal, so I had to return to Ludes with a very small knowledge of Rheims.

RHEIMS CATHEDRAL

The following week I walked to Rilly-la-Montagne, and there caught a train to Rheims. Having about four hours to dispose of I made what I should think was a pretty good tour of the city. The point which struck me most was the completeness of the ruin. Everyone except the gens-de-police seemed to be engaged in the process of reconstruction, the roads being covered with a fine white dust from the ruined masonry and the cement. The Cathedral itself, although very much harmed by the fire and bombardment of the Germans during the War, is still very beautiful. Before the War it was decorated by 2,303 figures. Many of these are now destroyed, while most of the Saints have lost eyes, arms, or noses, while some have even lost their heads. But what is that compared with the loss of human life and limb during those terrible four and a half years?

F. L. BRETT.

A CADET'S DAY AT CAMP.

By DISTINGUISHED AUTHORS.

6.30 a.m. "Blow, bugle, blow! Set the wild echoes flying."

—Tennyson.

"Methought I heard a voice cry, ' Sleep no more.'"

—Macbeth.

6.35 a.m. "Here's a knocking indeed. Who's there, in the name of Beelzebub.

Knock! Knock! for this place is as cold as Hell."

—Macbeth.

"Fellow thou! Awake!"

—Julius Cæsar.

6.45-7.30 a.m. (Physical Drill and Swimming.)—Much Ado about Nothing.

8-8.20 a.m. I almost die for food. Sit down and feed.

—As You Like It.

8.30-8-45 a.m. (Orderly Room). "How now, why lookest thou pale? Why tremblest thou?"

—Henry VI.

"Now lie I like a king."

—Henry V.

9-12 noon. (Marching and attacks).

"Now by my life, the day grows wondrous hot,

Some airy devils hover in the sky,

And pour down mischief."

—King John.

" Pray the Corporal stay! the pace is too hot."

—Henry V.

12-45. "Sound Trumpet."

—King Lear.

"Come let us four to dinner."

—Henry VI.

1 p.m. (Any complaints?).

"A countenance more in sorrow than ill anger,

And fixed his eye on you most constantly."

—Hamlet.

2.30-5. (Signalling).

"I did receive fair speechless messages."

—Merchant of Venice.

7-9.30. (Tent Feast). "To-night we hold a solemn supper, sir,

And I'll request your presence."

—Macbeth.

9.30-10. (Returning to camp). "My lord, they say five moons were seen to-night,

Four fixed, and one did whirl about."

—King John.

10 p.m. "'Tis now struck ten. Get thee to bed."

—Hamlet.

10.15 (Lights out). "To bed, to bed. Sleep kill those pretty eyes."

—Troilus and Cressida.

10.30. "Thou dost snore distinctly,

There's meaning in thy snores."

—Tempest.

10.35. "Sleep on, you fat and greasy citizens."

—As You Like It.

10 p.m.-6.30 a.m. (On Guard).

"Who's there? Speak! Oh speak quickly or I shoot."

D. GRINSTED (V.R.).

THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOVER HARBOUR (continued). (To start)

The period of nearly forty years, from 1547 to 1582, was marked by repeated efforts on the part of the townsfolk to enlist Royal sympathy in their struggles with the sea, but financial aid was not forthcoming, and so matters were left at a standstill.

During the latter days of Henry VIII.'s reign, a devastating south-westerly gale wrought havoc, apparently, by washing huge quantities of shingle round Archcliffe Point and depositing it in the mouth of the Harbour, at the same time forming a bar which stretched right across the Bay and blocked the mouth of the Dour. Although seemingly a great misfortune, this latest shingle "menace" proved to be a blessing in disguise for Dover, as we shall see when we come to Elizabeth's reign.

This new state of affairs called for fresh schemes, and one was put forward embracing the idea of an internal harbour with a quay and lock, entrance to be obtained by means of a deep water channel through the shingle. This proposition, however, did not receive much support, the mariners pointing out the impossibility of navigating their ships through such a small opening in rough weather. The project was thereupon abandoned.

During Mary's reign passengers were conveyed to and from the cross-Channel ships in rowing boats, the owners of which reaped immense profits by extortionate charges. Consequently the port acquired a bad reputation, and it was not until the Queen herself granted a charter to the Corporation, authorising them to licence landing boats and to charge fees for transit, that matters improved.

In the early days of 1582 an important step was taken by Queen Elizabeth when she ordered an enquiry to be made at Dover into the existing harbour conditions. Local mariners were questioned, and the evidence revealed the fact that Henry VIII.'s mole was responsible for the most recent misdemeanours on the part of the shingle; whereupon no attempt was made to improve this chalk pier, which has lain in its unfinished state to this day.

The enquiry further disclosed the existence, at low tide, of a pool of water about twelve feet above the level of the sea. Thomas Diggs, an engineer whose name is worthy of mention, seeing the amount of good work he subsequently accomplished for the Harbour, put forward proposals for enclosing this pool with walls so arranged as to admit of a narrow opening, fitted with lock gates, through which at intervals the pent-up water could be released so as to scour the Harbour mouth and thus minimise the choking effect of the beach. Diggs' propositions were followed in quick succession by a number from other engineers, one of whom had had experience in building embankments along the Thames.

The proposal of Sir Thomas Scott to enclose the "Pent," as it came to be called, on the Romney Marsh plan, and to employ expert Marsh men for the work, was finally accepted, the operations being started on 13th May, 1583. The scheme involved the construction of a long wall stretching from a point where the bottom of Liverpool Street now is to the site of the present Esplanade Hotel. Thence another wall, the "Crosswall," was to be built to the shore, and at right angles to it. The material to be used comprised chalk from the cliffs, earth from the adjoining fields, and sludge from Henry VIII.'s choked-up harbour, the whole being bound together, after the Romney dyke style, with faggots, thorns and piles.

For interesting details as to the nature and progress of the work, we are again indebted to Hollingshed. He tells us that "on the 15th of May, 1583, there were come to begin the works 542 carts and 1,000 workmen attending them. The carts and horses were so numerous that grazing ground as far out as Shepherdswell was used to turn out the horses to feed on nights and Sundays. Certain of the jurats (councillors) of the town were, two at once, daily assigned to see to the setting forth of the carts, not refusing their allowance, which was eight-pence per day. In all this business not one person slain." The whole work was carried out in a very systematic manner, numbers of "untingers "and" shelvers," as well as "guides," who directed the carts, being employed to expedite the unloading of the carts. This systematic treatment was responsible for the absence of serious accidents and fatalities, and speaks well for those in charge.

It seems as though one man engaged in the work had undergone an intensive course of physical training, for Hollingshed says: "A cart laden with earth passed over the stomach of a driver, and yet he was not hurt at all thereby."

Apparently workmen were not anxious to put in more than the specified number of hours in Elizabeth's day, for the same chronicler tells us that "by the space of half an hour before the 'flag of liberty' was hung out (indicating time for dinner), all the drivers entered into a song whereof the ditty was barbarous and the note rustical . . . The words thereof were these:—

"Oh Harry (Town Sergeant), hold up thy flag, 'tis eleven o'clock.

And a little, little, little, little past;

My bow is broke, I would unyoke,

My foot is sore, I can work no more."

It was rather a tragic coincidence that on the very day that the Cross-wall and Long-wall met, the 27th of July, 1583, Sir Thomas Scott was taken ill while supervising the work, and died six weeks later.

As a somewhat convincing example of the part played by geography in this comer of Kent may be mentioned the fact, as stated by a contemporary writer, that in October, 1586, one gate of the sluice was broken and in less than four days the mouth of the haven was choked up, so that an ambassador desiring to cross from Dover to France had to send for a ship from Sandwich, because no vessel could enter or leave Dover Harbour. On the other hand the effectiveness of the new harbour arrangements was such, that on the next tide after the sluice gate had been repaired, one pent-full of water so scoured the channel that "a 300-ton vessel easily did pass in and out."

The total cost of the work, be it noticed, amounted to the very modest sum, considering the amount of useful building accomplished, of £2,700, whilst a further thousand pounds was spent on the North pier-head. The time taken for all this was only three months—a tribute to 16th century organisation.

There was no great State department to provide money for harbour schemes in those days, so Elizabeth was forced to rely on revenue from customs and from the somewhat questionable practice of appropriating collections raised in churches. The Queen decreed that 30,000 quarters of wheat, 10,000 quarters of barley, and 4,000 tuns of beer should be exported via Dover. Incidentally, these figures give us a slight idea of England's trading commodities in those days, and show that England was still justified in claiming the title she had obtained in Roman days, viz., the "Granary of the North." With the exception of a culvert which was constructed along the site of the present Strond Street, in order further to aid in the denuding of the bar of shingle and ooze, the formation of the Pent marked the termination of Tudor enterprise at Dover. (Next)

R.A.P.

EVENING.

THE MOCK ELECTION.

OUR MANUAL WORKSHOP.

Of all departments of school training manual work is the one which is the greatest pleasure to me; and a short description of our work, and the shop in which we do it, will be, I think, of interest to most people.

Down a passage, through a door with lead lights, you come to a spacious, well lighted room, with several rows of benches for wood working, iron fitting, and soldering work. In one corner of the room is a gas engine which supplies power by means of a shafting to lathes of different sizes, a circular saw and a grindstone.

It is most interesting to see to what different objects the boys' energies are directed. You can in one place find a boat-builder who at present cannot quite manage a Majestic of the latest type, another one of less ambitious ideas is making soap dishes, and some are contriving models to illustrate objects learned about in other lessons.

S. MUMMERY (II.a).

THE EDITOR'S LAMENT.

OUR VILLAGE.

Houses are built of many things, snow, wood, stone or bricks; some are large, some are small, but those in our village are all about the same size, and are built of boys. In one house the materials come from the Town, in another from Buckland, whilst the third is a composite affair from Maxton and the Country. The village constitutes the Junior School and the chief occupation is football.

Each house consists of "kitchen" and "parlour"—I dare not say which is which—and on Fridays these play each other, but on Tuesdays the six teams playa series of house matches with varying degrees of energy and skill.

One very small boy was seen offering himself as a substitute for the football, but the others generally avoid this by running away. Doubtless in time they will learn to face the foe and some have already done so.

Captains especially are picking up their duties well, with "vice" not far behind. At this season darkness falls apace, and in its grateful shades we will leave the description of the game.

G.D.T.

MY VISIT TO A COAL-MINE.

Some weeks ago I went down a coal-mine. I descended in an Iron cage.

When I got down, I found it lighted by electric light a short distance. When I had gone along a little way, I had to climb a steep hill, caused by what is known as a "fault." I soon got to the "gates," as the side passages are called, which lead to the "coal faces," where the men work.

On most passages they have to dig out the roof and the sides to stop the passages getting blocked by what is known as "side pressure." Sometimes detonators have to be used, in which case a hole is bored in the rock, a detonator and several cartridges are put in the hole, which is stopped up with clay, the cable from the detonator is connected to the battery, and the current switched on, and you hear a sound like a distant gun.

When I got to the surface I went into the winding room, where a huge steam engine works a big winding drum, which, once started, stops automatically.

G. S. STANDRING (Form I.).

HOW WE GET OUR BREAD.

We all know that bread is made from flour, and flour is ground from wheat. A great deal of wheat is grown in the county of Kent and in other parts of England, But a great part of it comes from other countries, such as Canada, U.S.A., South America, Australia and India. It is brought in ships to our ports, then to the flour mills. Here it is cleansed from dirt, seed and other grain; it is generally washed with water. Instead of being ground on stones as it used to be, the wheat is now gradually broken down between steel rollers with teeth like saws, and after the skin or bran is taken away, what is left is sorted and purified and then ground in to fine flour between smooth steel rollers. By this means much whiter flour can be made than before.

The flour is packed in sacks and sold to the bakers, who bake it into bread and cakes every day.

J. K. THOMPSON (Up. Prep.).

OUR NEWSPAPER.

Every Thursday a copy of The Children's Newspaper is put upon the wall in our form room. It is put there for us to read. We all pick out an interesting article so that we can write a composition in our own words, If we do not choose to do that, we may describe a picture. When we have finished we may add a pen and ink sketch to make it more clear.

There are many interesting things in The Children's Newspaper. It tells you how to find certain planets, how a glider is flown, what is going on in the East, how men go into forests and fight with savages and wild beasts; it tells you how mining is done and many other things that interest you.

H. BROWN (Trans.).

LAUNDRY MACHINERY.

Laundry machinery is frequently run by steam originated in a boiler and driven by a single acting slide valve vertical engine.

The calender.

The ironing machine or calender is driven by the steam engine and heated by steam from the boiler. It consists of a long hollow cylinder. The cylinder is covered with felting, which absorbs the moisture. It is used for table linen and sheets. Other things are ironed by hand.

The washing machines.

The roughest part of the laundry work is washed in the machines. They are also hollow cylinders with a small sliding door in each. They turn alternate ways. A soap and a soda solution is put in to wash the clothes.

The hydro.

The hydro or drying machine is made up of a large zinc pan which rests in a round iron box with no top. It is whirled round until the clothes are nearly dry. Then they are taken into the drying room and hung on clean wires to dry. They are dried by a large fan driven by a belt and shaft.

The collar machine

is made up of a small roller and a board on which the collars are laid. The roller is then revolved by means of steam, and the collars are pushed underneath and so ironed.

The starching machine

is a cylinder similar to the washing machine only much smaller. This is also revolved and collars are then put in with a starch solution.

S. W. BIDE (Up. Prep.).